Exploring Political Stability in Nigeria: Challenges and the Path Forward

Recently, the political landscape of Nigeria has been a subject of intense scrutiny, with many pointing towards the impending breakup of the country. The delicate balance between the North and South, the two major regions that make up Nigeria, is under strain due to ongoing conflicts of interest. The future of Nigeria, often referred to as the 'Giant of Africa,' hangs in the balance. Urgent action is required by the leaders of both regions to ensure the survival and prosperity of the nation.

The Urgency of Unifying Efforts

The ongoing tensions between the North and South are a significant hindrance to national stability. The North and South, the two dominant regions of Nigeria, must come together in a cohesive effort to address the nation's pressing needs. The distribution of power and resources is critical in this endeavor, as it directly impacts the economic and social well-being of the country. It is imperative for the national government to decentralize power and instill a sense of autonomy within the states. By doing so, each state can manage its resources more effectively and maintain control over its development. The federal government should retain oversight of foreign affairs, immigration, and the armed forces, ensuring a unified national stance on these critical issues.

Political Tensions During the Run-Up to Elections

The political climate in Nigeria is highly charged as the nation approaches the 2019 general elections. Current President Muhammadu Buhari, a member of the All Progressives Congress (APC), competes with a powerful opposition party, the People's Democratic Party (PDP), which previously held power for 16 years. These political entities are at loggerheads, with the country divided over whether to support the incumbent or elect the opposition with their fresh ideas.

The elections scheduled for February 2019 have already sparked debates and divisions in the nation. The ruling party and the opposition are both vying for the national vote, creating a polarized political environment. Regardless of the outcome, it is crucial for the leadership to focus on unity and cooperation to address the nation's complex challenges.

Common Features of Nigerian Politics

The political system in Nigeria, however, exhibits patterns that are reflected in many other countries around the world. There are commonalities in political dynamics, particularly with respect to the levels of poverty and illiteracy. Higher levels of these factors often correlate with heightened sentiment, providing ample opportunities for politicians to manipulate public opinion for selfish gains. Politicians exploit this vulnerability to gain support and manipulate the electoral process to serve their ends.

The Flaws of Zoning and Federal Character

A major political issue in Nigeria is the controversial policy of zoning. This principle, meant to ensure representation from different regions, has instead created a system where appointments and opportunities are granted based on geographic quotas rather than merit. This system, known as the 'Federal Character' principle, is a double-edged sword. While it aims to promote inclusivity, it often leads to the appointment of less qualified candidates over more qualified ones. This has had a detrimental impact on various sectors of the government and public institutions, including but not limited to, the presidency, vice presidency, ministerial appointments, senate, governorships, and even the appointment of vice-chancellors.

Even traditionally 'apolitical' bodies like the military and police are not fully free from this influence. The system ensures that individuals are appointed to roles within these institutions based on their regional affiliations, not their qualifications or abilities. This has resulted in suboptimal performance and inefficiencies, as competence and qualification are given less weight than regional representation.

Conclusion: The Need for Change

To achieve true political stability and prosperity in Nigeria, the government must address the flaws in the zoning and Federal Character principles. A fundamental shift towards merit-based appointments and governance is essential. By decentralizing power and fostering a spirit of unity, Nigeria can achieve the stability and progress that its people deserve. It is a matter of national interest, and it requires the active participation and cooperation of both the North and the South.

As the nation braces for the upcoming elections, it is crucial for all involved parties to prioritize the best interests of Nigeria over individual gains. A collaborative and forward-thinking approach will be the key to overcoming the current challenges and establishing a stable and prosperous future for all Nigerians.