Understanding Why People Leave Nigeria: Migration, Economy, and Beyond
Migrating from one country to another has long been a part of human history. People constantly seek better opportunities, economic advancement, improved quality of life, and new challenges. Among nations, Nigeria stands out as a significant contributor to the global migrant population, despite being the seventh-largest country in the world. However, despite its large diaspora, Nigeria does not rank among the top countries with the largest numbers of citizens living abroad. This article delves into the reasons why people feel compelled to leave Nigeria, emphasizing the current economic conditions and the structural changes that are reshaping the nation.
Reasons for Migration
The decision to leave Nigeria is often a result of several interconnected factors, including economic volatility, high living costs, and the availability of better opportunities in other countries. Economic migration is a critical aspect of contemporary global dynamics. For many Nigerians, the allure of better wages, improved living standards, and access to modern amenities often outweighs the challenges of leaving behind family and a familiar environment.
Economic Factors Shaping Migration
Nigeria's economy has seen significant changes over the recent years, impacting the daily lives of its citizens. Major factors contributing to the perception of a deteriorating economic situation include exchange rate fluctuations and increasing fuel prices. The Nigerian naira has seen a considerable devaluation, dropping from N500 to over N1650 against the US dollar in just 18 months. Similarly, the cost of gasoline (petrol) has skyrocketed, jumping from N160 to N1050 per liter in the same period. These economic changes have forced traders to adjust prices, making basic commodities and transportation more expensive. However, despite these challenges, the cost of living in Nigeria remains relatively lower compared to certain bordering countries.
The Cost of Living in Nigeria
Despite the high prices, a family of three in Nigeria can still survive on as little as N10,000 (approximately $25) per day. This amount can be converted to about 3000 francs CFA in neighboring countries like Benin, Niger, or Cameroon, where the cost of living may be slightly higher. While individual survival might be challenging, this indicates that Nigeria remains a more favorable place to live compared to some of its neighboring nations, where economic hardship is more pronounced.
Nigeria's Structural Changes
The current economic climate in Nigeria is undergoing significant structural changes. The World Bank has long advised against implementing Structural Adjustment Programs (SAP), but these programs are now taking effect. These changes are expected to bring about long-term benefits, such as improved infrastructure and higher wages. The government has recently reviewed salaries, doubling the minimum wage, and a wide range of infrastructure projects are being developed. Billionaires like Dangote and others are investing in various sectors, including petroleum production, transportation, and agriculture. These efforts are aimed at addressing the underlying issues and fostering a more stable economy.
Migration as an Economic Strategy
For those considering migration, it is essential to view it as a strategic economic choice rather than a permanent resolution to their problems. Many young and energetic Nigerians see migration as an opportunity to enhance foreign exchange earnings and improve the lives of their families, while also supporting Nigeria's economic development. However, it is important to remember that Nigeria is going through a period of transformation, and these positive changes are expected to continue, mitigating the need for extensive migration.
In conclusion, while the perception of Nigeria as a place to leave might be widespread, the reality is more complex. Economic factors and structural changes are driving migration, but Nigeria remains a viable and often more affordable place to live compared to some neighboring countries. As the nation undergoes restructuring and development, the future looks increasingly promising for those who choose to stay or return.