Understanding the Differences Between West Bengalis and Bengalis of Bangladesh
The distinction between West Bengalis and Bengalis from Bangladesh has been a topic of discussion and curiosity for many. This article delves into the nuances of their cultural, linguistic, and religious differences, providing a deeper understanding of these two regions and their people.
Nationality and Geographical Differences
The first and most obvious difference is nationality. Bangladesh is a sovereign country, while West Bengal is a state in the Indian Republic. Today, when someone refers to themselves as Bangladeshi, they are citizens of the country of Bangladesh, whereas any Bengali from West Bengal is an Indian citizen. This differentiation is reflected in the political and legal contexts.
Map of present day Bengal
Map of Bangladesh
Until the end of British colonial rule, the territory comprising both Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal was part of undivided Bengal. In 1905, there was an attempt to partition Bengal, but it was met with massive protests and failed to materialize. Bengal was reunited in 1911. However, the partition in 1947 and the subsequent war for the independence of East Pakistan would significantly alter the landscape of this region.
Linguistic Similarity and Differences
Spoken Bengali has many dialects that can differ greatly, but a standard version largely recognized is the Nadia dialect. Despite these variations, there is a strong linguistic unity. Bangladesh has 284.3 million native speakers, while the total number of native speakers worldwide is impressively high. The language is widely spoken in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia, making it one of the most spoken languages in South Asia.
Bengali is not only spoken but is also a language of rich cultural heritage. Bengalis take pride in their literature, cuisine, and the various scientific and technological achievements. The British colonial era played a significant role, especially as Calcutta (now Kolkata) served as the capital of British India until the early nineteenth century. Many Bengalis, including those from both West Bengal and Bangladesh, gravitated towards this city for education, employment, and cultural opportunities.
Cultural Similarities and Differences
Despite the linguistic and geographical differences, both West Bengalis and Bengalis of Bangladesh share a common culture. There are notable differences in certain aspects, such as religious beliefs, cultural practices, and economic activities. While Bangladesh is predominantly Muslim, with a significant Hindu population, West Bengal has a mix of Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists, and Christians. This religious diversity has historically contributed to a more syncretic culture.
However, in recent times, due to enforced partition and political dynamics, there have been significant changes in the region. The division in 1947 resulted in a large number of people losing their homes and property, leading to a diaspora of Bengalis on both sides of the border.
Cultural Identity of Individuals
As an individual born in Assam, now part of the same country as Bangladesh, my personal experience provides a unique perspective. My family’s roots trace back to regions in Bangladesh, and I speak both standard Bengali and the Dhakai dialect with a flawless accent. My parents' ancestors were from the districts of Barisal and Dhaka, and they tell stories of the days before partition, when religious diversity was common and culture was syncretic.
West Bengal turned out to be a melting pot of diverse cultures and communities. Many Bengalis from Bangladesh have settled here, contributing to the vibrant multicultural tapestry of West Bengal. My parents' experience of growing up in pre-independence undivided Bengal, including the district of Dhaka, gives me a unique understanding of the deep-rooted cultural ties that bind both regions.
The shared Bengali culture remains a powerful force, even after the partition and the independent existence of Bangladesh. Despite the political and social upheavals, the resilience and innovation of the Bengali people display a unified spirit. The people of both West Bengal and Bangladesh reflect this cultural unity, making the distinction a fascinating subject of study.