The Concept of an Establishment: From General Definitions to Elite Politics
The term establishment has a wide range of meanings depending on the context in which it is used. This article explores both the general and specific definitions of the term and its application in various sectors such as business, politics, and cultural institutions.
General Definition
An establishment broadly refers to a place of business, a public institution, or any organization that has been set up for a specific purpose. This could include restaurants, schools, government agencies, and more. These organizations are characterized by their official status and the structured nature of their operations.
Supplier Lens
From a supplier perspective, an establishment is more formally defined as a business organization, public institution, or a household. It involves a structured setup with defined processes and goals.
For example, a restaurant might have a formal establishment structured as a business entity with menus, staff roles, and customer service protocols. A school would also have a defined operational framework, including management, teaching staff, and students, which aligns with the concept of an establishment.
Legal Context
With a broader perspective, establishment can also refer to a formal creation of a legal entity, such as a corporation or a nonprofit organization. In this legal context, the term is often used in conjunction with processes such as registration, licensing, and compliance with regulations.
Political Context
The establishment in a political context is a significant subject of discussion. According to British journalist Henry Fairlie, the term was coined in September 1955 to describe a dominant group or elite that controls an organization.
Today, the term is widely used to describe a closely-knit group of civilian and military officers, along with business and political elites who play a significant role in policy formulation. This group is often revered or criticized, depending on the perspective, and is seen as influential in shaping national policies.
Cultural Context
From a cultural standpoint, the term can refer to traditional institutions or systems that are established within a society, such as the church, educational systems, and social norms. These institutions are often seen as foundational and long-standing.
The Origin and Usage of the Term "Establishment"
Henry Fairlie, a British journalist, first introduced the term "establishment" in a 1955 article. He defined it as 'the matrix of official and social relations within which power is exercised. ' This includes both the official power centers and the broader networks of influence. In the United Kingdom, the establishment has a long history and is often associated with the beneficiaries of an existing power structure.
The Dominance of the Establishment
One of the reasons the establishment remains powerful for long periods is a system where members recruit only those who align with their viewpoints. This practice can be seen as a form of self-selection, which reinforces their dominance. This phenomenon is also linked to a concept called Michael’s Iron Law of Oligarchy, which states that all complex organizations will eventually become oligarchic, making true democracy practically and theoretically impossible.
Conclusion
The term establishment encompasses a wide range of meanings, from formal business and legal structures to the influential political and cultural groups within a society. Understanding the different contexts in which it is used can provide valuable insights into the structures and dynamics of power within various sectors.